Artillery / Surface to surface missiles / 4K44 Redut

4K44 Redut

General Facts

  • TYPE
    Coastal defense system

  • ORIGIN
    USSR

  • NICKNAMES
    SS-C-1a Shaddock (NATO designation)
    SS-C-1b Sepal (NATO designation)

  • DESIGNED
    1954 - 1963

  • DESIGNER
    Chelomey

  • PRODUCTION
    ?

  • PRODUCERS
    USSR - Chelomey

  • QUANTITY
    300 - 400 SPU-35 TEL

  • UNIT COST
    Unknown

  • CHARACTERISTICS
    Long range
    Mobile system
    Terminal guidance needed
    Complex system

Introduction

The 4K44 Redut is an early Cold War era coastal defense system of Soviet origin. It was designed to supplement and replace the earlier S-2 Sopka (NATO: SS-C-2b Samlet) missile batteries. The 4K44 system uses the SS-N-3 Shaddock missile which was also used on Soviet naval vessels. In the West the system is known by its NATO designatiok SS-C-1 Sepal.

Layout

The 4K44 Redut system consists of a radar and command vehicle that controls up to three launch vehicles. The launch vehicles as based on the ZIL-135K 8 wheel chassis. Due to the large size of the missile the 4K44 holds only a single missile per launch vehicle. There also is a semi-fixed position 4K44 Utes which uses the SM-70 twin round launcher and different radar. Two fixed batteries have been constructed.

Firepower

The missile used in the original 4K44 system is a modified version of the P-5/P-35 Pityorka, known in the West by its NATO designation SS-N-3 Shaddock. Earlier versions use the P-5S missile as used on submarines and were given the NATO designation SS-C-1a Shaddock. The most common version is the P-35 missile as used in surface ships, which was given the name SS-C-1b Sepal.

Targeting

The missile is controlled by the truck based 4R45 Skala radar vehicle. Up to three launch vehicles can be linked to a single radar vehicle. Additionally the Tu-95RT Bear-D maritime patrol aircraft or Ka-25K Hormone naval helicopter can provide terminal guidance. Due to its long range the P-5S must be guided until the weapon picks up its targets. The operator is shown a video feed and selects which target the missile should attack.

Mobility

The 4K44 is a fully mobile system. The ZIL-135K 8x8 trucks allow for a reasonable cross country performance. A fixed position coastal defense system was also installed in two locations.

Users

The main user of the 4K44 was the USSR navy. It has been complemented by the shorter range and less complex 4K51 Rubezh (SS-C-3 Styx) system, but remains in active use today.

Variants

SPU-35B

The truck mounted launcher of the 4K44 Redut coastal defense system is known as the SPU-35. The original version that launches the P-5S missile is known as the SPU-35B and is based on the ZIL-135K 8x8 truck. The later and more common version is the SPU-35V that launches the P-35 missile.

TypeCoastal defense system
Crew5 (commander, driver, 3 operators)
Length13.5 m
Width2.86 m
Height3.53 m
Ground clearance?
Weight21 t
Ground pressure?
WheelbaseWheeled chassis, 8x8
Turn radius?
Engine2x ZiL-375Ya diesel, 180 hp each
Power ratio17.1 hp/t
Transmission?
Speed40 km/h
Fuel?
Range500 km on road
Wall?
Trench?
Gradient?
Fording?
ArmorNo
NBC equipment?
Night vision?
SmokeNo
Remarks-
ArmamentP-5S missile (1x)
Weapon1P-5S missile, 1 ready to fire
Weapon2-
Weapon3-
Weapon4-
Weapon5-
Weapon6-

SPU-35V

The SPU-35V fires the P-35 missile and is based on the BAZ-135MB 8x8 truck chassis. The SPU-35B and SPU-35V can be distinguished by the cabin and the launcher. The SPU-35B has a single row cabin and a longer launcher, while the SPU-35V has a twin row cabin and shorter launcher.

TypeCoastal defense system
Crew5 (commander, driver, 3 operators)
Length11.5 m
Width2.8 m
Height3.0 m
Ground clearance?
Weight18 t
Ground pressure?
WheelbaseWheeled chassis, 8x8
Turn radius?
EngineYaMZ-238N diesel, 300 hp
Power ratio16.7 hp/t
Transmission?
Speed40 km/h
Fuel?
Range500 km on road
Wall?
Trench?
Gradient?
Fording?
ArmorNo
NBC equipment?
Night vision?
SmokeNo
Remarks-
ArmamentP-35 missile (1x)
Weapon1P-35 missile, 1 ready to fire
Weapon2-
Weapon3-
Weapon4-
Weapon5-
Weapon6-

4K44 Utes

The 4K44 Utes is a fixed position version of the 4K44 Redut. The design has been based on the fixed position Sopka (SS-C-2B) batteries. The 4K44 Utes consists of two launch tubes, a 4R46 Mys radar with IFF, a command center and a datalink. One position is placed at Sevastopol and operational since 1973. A second is placed on Kildin island in the Kola peninsula and is operational since 1976.

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